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Topsy-Turvy doll
A Topsy-Turvy doll is a double-ended doll, typically featuring two opposing characters. They are traditionally American cloth folk dolls which fuse a white girl child with a black girl child at the hips. Later dolls were sometimes a white girl child with a black ''mammy'' figure. Precise facts about their origins are rare, but as late as the 1950s, "Topsy and Eva" dolls were marketed by Sears, Montgomery Ward, and The Babyland Rag company (aka Bruckner).〔“Historical Folk Toys: Topsy-Turvy Doll Kit”, http://www.historicalfolktoys.com/catcont/4716.html, accessed 3/28/2010.〕
==Meaning and use==
As objects of material culture, Topsy-Turvy dolls have provoked a great amount of interpretive controversy. Karen Sanchez-Eppler suspects that Harriet Beecher Stowe's ''Topsy'' in ''Uncle Tom's Cabin'' may have taken her name from the dolls, making for a "poignant and somewhat disturbing pairing with little Eva".〔Sanchez-Eppler, Karen. ''Touching Liberty: Abolition, Feminism, and the Politics of the Body'', Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 1997.〕
Doll collector Wendy Lavitt writes, "It has recently been suggested that these dolls were often made for Black children who desired a forbidden white doll (a baby like the ones their mothers cared for); they would flip the doll to the black side when an overseer passed them at play."〔Lavitt, Wendy. ''American Folk Dolls'', New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982.〕 Alice Taylor echoes this idea. “Scholars and doll enthusiasts continue to speculate about their original purpose and how children would have used them. The dolls likely were produced for slave children and perhaps as 'maid dolls' for white children. The issue of how children played with these dolls remains hotly debated”.〔Taylor, Alice . “Dolls”, ''World of a Slave: Encyclopedia of the Material Life of Slaves in the United States, Volume 1: A-I'', Ed., Martha B Katz-Hyman and Kym S. Rice, Santa Barbara: Greenwood, 2011.〕
Kimberly Wallace-Sanders addresses the controversial question of the possible meanings and uses behind the doll's design in her social history of the image and myth of the Southern mammy figure. She writes:
African American slave women may have given dolls like these to their daughters as a preparation for a possibility of a life devoted to nurturing two babies: one black and one
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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